What exactly is the biological signaling mechanism triggered in the skin during Dermapen (Microneedling) treatment?

Dermapen is a device that creates hundreds of micro-holes vertically on the skin’s surface per second. These holes create a controlled “micro-trauma.” As soon as skin cells detect this damage, they go into emergency mode and begin releasing growth factors and cytokines. These signals stimulate fibroblast cells in the deeper layers of the skin, instructing them to produce new “Type 1 Collagen” and elastin fibers. The opened channels also allow brightening or anti-aging serums applied during the treatment to be absorbed into the deeper layers of the skin up to 200 times more effectively. As the skin heals, the old, damaged tissue is replaced by a fresh, smooth, and firm layer of skin.