What is the difference in comfort and effectiveness between ice head technology and air cooling systems in laser hair removal devices?

Air cooling systems (such as Zimmer) numb nerve endings on the skin’s surface by continuously blowing very cold air onto the treatment area, reducing the sensation of sudden heat in pulsed systems like Alexandrite. Contact (Ice) head technology, on the other hand, is based on cooling the sapphire tip of the device, which directly contacts the skin, to -3 to -4 degrees Celsius. The Ice head, especially in Diode lasers, keeps the skin constantly cool during continuous scanning (burning), thus reducing the burning sensation to almost zero. In terms of effectiveness, both protect the epidermal layer of the skin, but the Ice head significantly increases comfort in individuals with a very low pain threshold.